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The Boot Configuration Data (BCD) store contains boot configuration parameters and controls how the operating system is started in Microsoft® Windows Vista® and Microsoft® Windows Server® 2008 operating systems. These parameters were previously in the Boot.ini file (in BIOS-based operating systems) or in the nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) entries (in Extensible Firmware Interface–based operating systems). You can use the Bcdedit.exe command-line tool to affect the Windows® code which runs in the pre-operating system environment by adding, deleting, editing, and appending entries in the BCD store. Bcdedit.exe is located in the \Windows\System32 directory of the Windows Vista partition.

Note
Even though this document focuses primarily on Windows Vista, this information applies to both Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.

Note
For detailed command and option information at the command prompt, type bcdedit.exe /? command. For example, type bcdedit.exe /? CREATESTORE.

BCD was created to provide an improved mechanism for describing boot configuration data. With the development of new firmware models (for example, the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)), an extensible and interoperable interface was required to abstract the underlying firmware. This new design provides the foundation for a variety of new features in Windows Vista (for example, the Startup Repair tool and Multi-User Install shortcuts).

• BIOS-based operating systems. The BCD registry file is located in the \Boot\Bcd directory of the active partition.
  
  
• EFI–based operating systems. The BCD registry file is located on the EFI system partition.
  
  

No. You need administrative credentials to modify BCD.

Depending on what you want to change, you can use the following tools to modify BCD:

• Startup and recovery. The Startup and recovery dialog box enables you to select the default operating system to start if you have multiple operating systems installed on your computer. You can also change the time-out value. These settings are located on the Advanced tab in the System Properties dialog box.
  
  
• System Configuration utility (Msconfig.exe). Msconfig.exe is a more advanced tool with capabilities that include the following options: /debug, /safeboot, /bootlog, /noguiboot, /basevideo, and /numproc.
  
  
• BCD WMI provider. The BCD Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) provider is a management interface that you can use to script utilities that modify BCD. This is the only programmatic interface available for BCD. For more information, see Boot Configuration Data (BCD) at the Microsoft Web site (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=56792).
  
  
• BCDEdit.exe. BCDEdit.exe is a command-line utility that replaces Bootcfg.exe in Windows Vista. For more information, see What can I do with Bcdedit.exe?.
  
  

  Note
  You cannot use Bootcfg.exe to modify BCD. However, Bootcfg.exe will remain in the operating system in order to support older operating systems.

All Windows entries are stored in the BCD store. On an EFI-based operating system, there is a single entry in the EFI firmware boot manager called “Windows Boot Manager”. This file is located in \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\Bootmgfw.efi. If you start Windows Boot Manager using the EFI boot manager, you should get a common look and feel on both your EFI-based and PC/AT-based operating systems. For example, the advanced boot options menu should work. The default timeout for the EFI boot manager is 2 seconds to make it easier to boot back and forth between Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 and Windows Vista.

You can use Bcdedit.exe to modify the Windows code which runs in the pre- operating system environment by adding, deleting, editing, and appending entries in the BCD store. Bcdedit.exe is located in the \Windows\System32 directory of the Windows Vista partition.

The boot environment has been split into two categories: Windows Boot Manager and various boot applications that run in the boot environment. Windows Boot Manager is basically a mini-operating system that controls your boot experience and enables you to choose which boot application to run. There are various boot applications (for example, Windows Boot Loader) and each one does something different. For example, a Windows Boot Loader application loads Windows.

When you specify /enum, you will get the following:

• One Windows Boot Manager entry (because there is only one boot manager).
  
  
• A Windows Boot Loader application for each Windows Vista operating system you have installed on the computer. For example, if you have two different versions of Windows Vista installed on different partitions, you will see two Windows Boot Loader entries.
  
  
• One legacy entry. This entry is not a boot application, but instead uses NTLDR and Boot.ini to boot into an operating system that is older than Windows Vista. You will use this entry to boot into Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and earlier operating systems (if installed on the computer).
  
  

Yes. For detailed command and option information at the command prompt, type bcdedit.exe /? and bcdedit.exe /? Command. For example, type bcdedit.exe /? CREATESTORE.

The following command sets the global debugger settings to serial debugging

over com1 at 115,200 baud:

bcdedit /dbgsettings serial debugport 1 baudrate 115200

The following command sets the global debugger settings to 1394 debugging

using channel 23:

bcdedit /dbgsettings 1394 CHANNEL 32

The following command sets the global debugger settings to USB debugging

using target name "debugging":

bcdedit /dbgsettings USB targetname debugging

The following command sets the specified entry as the default boot manager

entry:

bcdedit /default {cbd971bf-b7b8-4885-951a-fa03044f5d71}

The following command sets the legacy Windows loader (Ntldr) as the default

entry: {466f5a88-0af2-4f76-9038-095b170dc21c} is the predefined GUID for Ntldr.

bcdedit /default {466f5a88-0af2-4f76-9038-095b170dc21c}

The following command lists all operating system loader boot entries:

bcdedit /enum osloader

The following command lists all boot manager entries:

bcdedit /enum bootmgr

The following command sets the debugger setting for c74b751a-ff09-11d9-9e6e-0030482375e4 to serial debugging over com1 at 115,200 baud:

Bcdedit /set {c74b751a-ff09-11d9-9e6e-0030482375e4} debugtype:serial

Bcdedit /set {c74b751a-ff09-11d9-9e6e-0030482375e4} baudrate:115200

Bcdedit /set {c74b751a-ff09-11d9-9e6e-0030482375e4} debugport:1